Negotiation In Project Management

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐬. “𝐃𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲" ("dominant cause approach") is used to resolve disputes where project delays are caused by both the employer and the contractor simultaneously. If one of two concurrent, overlapping delays is the "𝗱𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝘁", that event takes precedence. The party responsible for the dominant cause bears the responsibility for the overall project delay. Effective Cause Analysis: Instead of merely identifying concurrent events, this approach looks for the most effective, "𝗱𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝘁" cause of the delay to the critical path. The determination of the dominant cause is a question of fact based on common sense, forensic schedule analysis, and evidence of the critical path, rather than just the timing of the events. 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: If the employer's delay is dominant, the contractor gets an extension of time (EOT) and potentially costs. If the contractor's delay is dominant, they may get no extension and be liable for damages. Other Approaches: Malmaison Approach, Apportionment, "But For" Test ... The attached figure is from Building and Civil Engineering Claims in Perspective, G. A. Hughes - - -

Polling vs Webhooks As systems grow more complex, choosing the right update strategy becomes crucial. Let me break down the two primary approaches that define real-time data synchronization: Polling: The Traditional Approach • Client periodically requests updates • Predictable but resource-intensive • Full control over request timing • Higher latency, higher costs at scale Webhooks: The Modern Push System • Server notifies client of changes • Event-driven and efficient • Near real-time updates • Better resource utilization Concrete Implementation Examples: Polling Works Best For: 1. Payment status checks 2. Order tracking systems 3. Basic monitoring tools 4. MVP implementations 5. Systems with predictable update patterns Webhooks Excel In: 1. Payment processing (PayPal) 2. Repository events (GitHub) 3. CRM integrations (Salesforce) 4. E-commerce inventory updates 5. Real-time messaging systems Key Decision Factors: - Update frequency requirements - Infrastructure complexity tolerance - Development team expertise - System scalability needs - Budget constraints Currently implementing these in production? Both approaches have their place. The key is matching the solution to your specific requirements rather than following trends.

Glen Palmer, PSP, CFCC, FAACE and I are honored by AACE publishing another of our Top Ten series of papers in the Cost Engineering Journal. Resource management sits at the heart of project success—and, too often, at the root of costly construction claims. Why Focus on Resources? Most construction schedules are built on assumptions about production rates, durations, and quantities. But when resource planning falls short—whether due to unrealistic manpower peaks, lack of skilled labor, or poor coordination—projects risk delays, cost overruns, and disputes. Rather than waiting for claims to arise, Palmer and Carson argue for a proactive approach: plan, validate, and monitor your resources from day one. Key Takeaways from the Top Ten Approaches: 1. Validate Resources by Discipline: Go beyond surface-level schedule checks. Detailed resource validation—using field-experienced personnel—can identify unrealistic resource peaks and prevent unachievable schedules. 2. Formalize Punch and Warranty List Management: Avoid never-ending completion and warranty periods by developing comprehensive, early punch lists and using structured warranty management systems. 3. Check Resource Earning Curves: Ensure planned progress is actually achievable by comparing planned manpower curves and production rates to real-world constraints. 4. Manage Schedule Compression: When compressing schedules, understand the risks and costs of acceleration and recovery. Use structured analysis and documentation to avoid disputes. 5. Review General Conditions Labor: Monitor and budget field overhead costs carefully, and avoid relying on variable, hard-to-track level-of-effort activities. 6. Use Constructability Reviews: Always have experienced field experts review “fast-tracked” project schedules to spot resource and constructability problems early. 7. Address Trade Stacking and Overcrowding: Analyze crew concurrency and area usage to prevent inefficiencies from too many workers or trades in the same space. 8. Specify Resource Requirements in Schedules: Include resource histograms and percent curves in scheduling specifications to enable thorough schedule reviews. 9. Plan for Resource Availability: Evaluate the availability of skilled labor and specialty resources, especially on large or geographically constrained projects. 10. Minimize Inefficiencies from Disrupted Trade Work: Align procurement, sequencing, and trade starts to reduce disruption, and use targeted planning to ensure work is completed efficiently on the first attempt. Conclusion: Resource-related claims are often avoidable with disciplined planning, honest schedule validation, and ongoing monitoring. By following these ten approaches, project teams can dramatically reduce the risk of disputes, keep projects on track, and protect both profit and reputation.

You walked out of that meeting thinking it went well. But three days later, the deal fell through. Here’s what happened: You were listening to their words. They were showing you the truth with their body. Research on nonverbal communication shows we transmit a significant amount of our emotional meaning through body language — the micro-expressions, the posture shifts, the way someone angles their chair when they’re actually ready to leave. Yet most of us are walking around half-blind. We catch the obvious signs — crossed arms, eye rolls — but miss the subtle ones that tell the real story. The three cues I watch for in any high-stakes conversation: The Lean Test. When someone is genuinely interested, their body follows their attention. They lean in. Their feet point toward you. If they’re saying yes but angling toward the door, believe the body. The Eyebrow Flash. It’s involuntary — a quick lift that signals recognition and interest. Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt documented this across every culture he studied. In the first 2 seconds of meeting someone, this micro-expression tells you if they’re open to connection. The Self-Soothe. When someone touches their neck, plays with their hair, or adjusts their collar repeatedly, their nervous system is seeking comfort. They’re feeling uncertain, even if their words sound confident. Reading people isn’t about becoming a human lie detector. It’s about closing the gap between what someone says and what they feel — so you can respond to the actual conversation happening beneath the surface. What body language cue have you learned to trust over time?

How to negotiate from a position of power: ➡️ If you can’t say what you want in one sentence before you walk into the room, you’re not ready to negotiate. You’re still negotiating with yourself. Know the desired number, the scope, the term, and the outcome. Write it down. Say it out loud. Clarity kills hesitation. ➡️ Make the case once, then stop. You explain the value, you explain the reasoning, and then you go quiet. You give the other person space to respond. Confidence in a negotiation often shows up as restraint. Silence is NOT weakness. It’s patience and patience is power. ➡️ See it as a trade, not a battle. The moment you stop trying to convince and start trying to find overlap, everything shifts. What do you need? What do they need? Where does that meet? Negotiation reframed as problem-solving produces better outcomes for everyone and makes everyone walk away happier too. The preparation is what makes you calm when it matters. By the time you're sitting across the table, the work should already be done.

Do clients keep negotiating and reducing your profit margins? Here are 7 strategies to ace those negotiation conversations: 1) Offer Price & Boundary Price Have an Offer Price (the first price you quote) and a Boundary Price (the lowest you’re willing to go). The range in between is your negotiation window. This way, the client feels like they’ve won by getting a better deal — and you win by closing it at a profitable price. 2) Make Them Win Go into the conversation with the intention to make the client feel like a winner. Give them something unexpected — an extra deliverable, a reduced turnaround time, a payment plan, or a small discount. It makes them feel valued and drastically elevates their buying experience. 3) Partnership Mindset Reaffirm that you're the right partner for them — you understand their problems, have the solution, and proven success stories. 4) Position Value Don't over-explain product features. Only talk about the value and benefits your customer will receive after the purchase. 5) Be Dumb, Not Desperate If you sound desperate, clients will push the price down. Instead, play it cool. Ask questions. Ask for their support in closing the deal. 6) Win-Win or No Deal You and the client should both feel like you’ve won. If not — the deal should be called off. It’s that simple. 7) Mentally Present During negotiation conversations, people often overthink and get lost in their heads. Don’t do that. Stay mentally present and focus on solving the client’s problems. Share this with your network and help an agency owner scale their business.

When negotiating, do you think the big wins happen at the table? They don't! The real magic happens before the first word is spoken. Success in 80% of negotiations is due to preparation. It's taking small steps to control the process, foresee challenges, and set small goals. I coached a procurement manager stuck in a deadlock with a supplier. Both sides had drawn firm lines: • The supplier demanded upfront payments. • The procurement team refused. • They feared cash flow issues. For weeks, the talk had gone in circles. It made no progress. When I stepped in, I asked one question: “𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙙𝙤𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙚𝙧 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙮 𝙣𝙚𝙚𝙙?” The team realized the supplier's main concern wasn't money. It was to reduce delivery risks. By focusing on interests, not positions, we found a solution: 𝗔 𝘀𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘂𝗽𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘁 𝗽𝗮𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗽𝗹𝘂𝘀 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗽𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀. The result? The deal closed in two days, with terms that worked for both sides. That negotiation taught me this: →  Preparation isn't just logical. → It's also strategic and emotional. I'm happy to share here how I prepare for a negotiation: 𝗦𝗲𝘁 𝗦𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗴𝗼𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗲. • Be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. • No vague goals like “get the best deal,” aim for concrete outcomes: → Add a long-term partnership clause → Reduce delivery timelines by 10% → Secure flexible payment terms 𝗙𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝘀, 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀. • Ask, why does the other side want this? • When you negotiate based on interests, you create options that meet both parties’ needs. 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘀 (𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗢𝘀) • Successful comes with always having options ready. For example: → Offer A: A 5% discount for upfront payments. → Offer B: Standard payment terms and extended service coverage. If you present choices, you reduce deadlock and keep control of the conversation. 𝗨𝘀𝗲 𝗘𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲. 𝗡𝗲𝗴𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝘀𝗻'𝘁 𝗷𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰—𝗶𝘁'𝘀 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. • Practice self-awareness to stay composed under pressure. • Show empathy to build trust. • Use "Feel, Felt, Found" on objections, and it'll guide decisions. Negotiation is like a dance. Both sides need to move in sync, adjusting their steps as they go, to create a harmonious outcome. And the best dances are choreographed long before the music starts. So, what’s been your biggest negotiation breakthrough? Have you ever unlocked a deal by shifting focus from demands to solutions? Found success by preparing better than your counterpart? Drop your story in the comments—I’d love to hear it. Or DM me if this resonates with a challenge you’re navigating. Let’s talk about what works.

I watched a team miss a $250,000 opportunity because of a simple communication breakdown As a team dynamic coach working with organizations across industries, I've seen this scenario play out countless times. Recently, a client was struggling to meet client expectations. They had talented individuals, strong expertise, and a clear strategy. Yet something wasn't clicking. After observing their interactions, the issue became clear: they weren't speaking the same language. Their director was focused on timelines and results, communicating in direct, no-nonsense terms. The creative lead communicated through possibilities and relationship-building, often skipping details. Their data analyst shared concerns in complex reports few took time to understand while the client liaison concentrated on maintaining harmony. Different communication styles. Different priorities. All valuable, but completely misaligned. ✅✅ Understanding these four distinct communication styles is transformative for any team: 1. Controllers: Direct, decisive, and results-oriented. They value efficiency and bottom-line impact 2. Promoters: Enthusiastic, imaginative, and people-focused. They thrive on possibilities and building relationships 3. Analyzers: Methodical, detail-oriented, and data-driven. They seek precision and logical solutions, and prefer to thoroughly evaluate before deciding 4. Supporters: Empathetic, patient, and team-focused. They prioritize group harmony and ensuring everyone feels valued. They often ask "How does everyone feel about this approach?" What transformed this team wasn't a new project management system or restructuring. It was awareness of these styles. When I helped them recognize and adapt to these patterns, something remarkable happened. 🌟🌟 The director started providing context behind deadlines. The creative lead documented specific action items. The analyst delivered insights in more accessible formats. The liaison created space for constructive challenges. 🌟🌟 Within weeks, their efficiency improved by 30%. Client feedback turned overwhelmingly positive. And they secured a contract renewal worth three times their previous agreement. This pattern repeats across every successful team I work with. The differentiator isn't talent or resources – it's communication awareness. Understanding your natural style and recognizing others' preferences creates the foundation for exceptional teamwork and professional growth. What's your natural communication style? Sign up for my newsletter for weekly insights on elevating your communication effectiveness: https://www.lift-ex.com/ #communication #team #performance #professionaldevelopment #leadership #cassandracoach

🎨🖊️ "Draw two circles under a rectangle…" "Now, make the circles connect to the rectangle" - some of the instructions that were given to me by our Head of Architecture during a recent offsite. We engaged in an exercise that underscored the importance of clear and effective communication. Each participant paired up, with one partner facing a screen displaying an image and the other facing a blank wall with a pen and paper. The challenge? The partner facing the screen had to guide their teammate in drawing the image using only directional and descriptive language. This exercise was a powerful reminder of how crucial it is to be clear, descriptive and thoughtful when sharing requirements, feedback or instructions. In the world of technology, we often fall into the trap of using complex language, acronyms, and omitting details we assume are "obvious." This can lead to confusion, misunderstandings, rework, and ultimately, wasted time. The key takeaway? Being specific doesn't always mean being overly detailed or long-winded. There's a beautiful balance between being specific and descriptive. It's about conveying the right amount of information in a way that's easily understood. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid when striving for specificity in communication: - Overloading with Details: Focus on the most relevant information to avoid overwhelming your audience. - Using Jargon and Acronyms: Consider your audience and provide explanations when necessary. - Assuming Shared Knowledge: Provide necessary context to ensure understanding. - Being Vague: Use precise language to prevent misunderstandings. - Neglecting the Audience's Perspective: Tailor your communication to the needs and understanding of your audience. I am reminded of a quote by Mark Twain: "I apologize for such a long letter - I didn't have time to write a short one." Concise communication takes time and effort, but it's always worth it. In our fast-paced world, mastering the art of effective communication is essential. It not only enhances collaboration but also drives efficiency and innovation. #Communication #Leadership #EffectiveCommunication